厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)消化(hua),也就是(shi)甲烷發酵,是(shi)指活(huo)性生物(wu)污(wu)(wu)泥在厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)條件下(xia)進行(xing),微生物(wu)將有機物(wu)經厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)分解(jie)而產生CH4、CO2和H2S等(deng)氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)過程。利(li)用厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)消化(hua)處理(li)(li)廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)統稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)消化(hua)技術。厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)消化(hua)技術作為(wei)(wei)(wei)環境保護方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)一種有力(li)手段,用以(yi)處理(li)(li)有機污(wu)(wu)泥和有機廢(fei)水(shui),現已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)污(wu)(wu)染控(kong)制工程中的(de)(de)(de)一項重(zhong)要治(zhi)理(li)(li)技術。李源等(deng)研(yan)究了厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(水(shui)解(jie))—好(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)相結合的(de)(de)(de)工藝處理(li)(li)高溫(wen)采油(you)廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性,得(de)(de)出以(yi)下(xia)結論(lun):(1)厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)反(fan)應器使得(de)(de)難于降解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)石油(you)類(lei)物(wu)質水(shui)解(jie)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)容(rong)易(yi)降解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)小分子,有利(li)于好(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)反(fan)應的(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)。同時,厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)水(shui)解(jie)反(fan)應器對(dui)水(shui)質變化(hua)和水(shui)溫(wen)變化(hua)有很大的(de)(de)(de)緩沖能力(li),給(gei)好(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)反(fan)應創造了穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)條件。(2)在厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)停留(liu)時間為(wei)(wei)(wei)6 h,好(hao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)停留(liu)時間為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.5 h,氣(qi)水(shui)比為(wei)(wei)(wei)10~20,溫(wen)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)50~60℃時,出水(shui)COD可(ke)(ke)以(yi)達到(dao)60~70 mg/L。目前(qian),該方(fang)(fang)法(fa)在遼河油(you)田含油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)面應用良好(hao),工藝流程為(wei)(wei)(wei):混凝-氣(qi)浮-過濾(lv)-厭(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)處理(li)(li)-沉(chen)淀(dian)吸(xi)附-外排,處理(li)(li)效(xiao)果(guo)見表4。
表4 厭氧消化(hua)法(fa)的處理效果 mg/L
采樣地點 |
pH |
石油類 |
COD |
懸浮物 |
揮發酚 |
硫化物 |
進水口 |
8.21 |
33.46 |
615.0 |
167 |
0.246 |
0.294 |
出水口 |
7.26 |
9.815 |
78.3 |
48 |
0.012 |
0.291 |
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